Characteristics of the hottest modern architectura

Characteristics of modern architectural glass 1. Preface the main functions of traditional architectural glass are shelter from the wind, rain and light. Although it has decorative significance, its decorative performance is not significant because of its single variety and low performance; In addition to its function of sheltering from the wind and rain, it is difficult to investigate its second or third. The invention of float process marks the birth of modern architectural glass and the emergence of various deep-processing glass products, which has greatly enriched the family of modern architectural glass. Its development follows two main lines: one is to enrich the decorative performance of architectural glass; The second is to increase the use function of architectural glass. Today's architectural glass is to meet people's pursuit of improving the decorative effect, energy saving and comfort of buildings with its centralized and unified decorative performance and use function

II. Decorative performance

people first made glass as decorations and works of art, such as ornaments and decorations, which were extremely precious at that time. In addition to meeting the functional requirements of buildings, glass has always been connected with art. Each building is a work of art, embodying the creativity of the architect, reproducing the architect's design concept, and embodying the architect's admiration for art and pursuit of beauty. Architectural glass is the best material to realize the idea of architectural designers, because no material has as many properties as glass, such as light transmittance, transparency, translucency, refraction, reflection, polychromism, brightness, surface pattern diversity, shape diversity and installation structure diversity. Moreover, the decorative performance of glass is active, dynamic and full of vitality. It reflects the sunlight and makes the buildings colorful and shining. It reflects the moonlight, which can make the building faint and full of mystery. It reflects with lights, which can make buildings like palaces in the sky, and also make them strange; It can make the room peaceful and warm, and it can also make its cold light leisurely. No material has such magic power, and no material makes architectural designers so handy. It integrates color, shape and light. It can be said that without architectural glass, there will be no modern architecture. It is the "pride of heaven" of contemporary building materials

1. Light transmittance of glass

generally speaking, glass is transparent, so the mention of light transmittance of glass is often mistaken for transparency. In fact, the transmittance and transparency of glass are two different concepts, and the transmittance is not necessarily transparent. The earliest glass was only transparent and opaque, which was determined by the production technology and process at that time. Due to the low temperature of molten glass at that time, there are a lot of unmelted particle impurities in the glass, which cause light scattering and make the glass only transparent and opaque. At the same time, the process of producing glass at that time was to cast and squeeze the liquid glass into a glass plate, so the surface of the glass plate was uneven, resulting in the scattering of light, which was another reason for the light transmission and opacity of the glass plate. Today, the glass produced by modern technology and process is pure and transparent. If you want to produce transparent glass, you must adopt special production processes, such as calendering, sanding, etc

the light transmittance of glass has excellent decorative effect. The application of the light transmittance of glass can make the indoor light soft, quiet and warm. Too strong indoor light will stimulate human eyes and make people restless. The application of light transmittance of glass can eliminate these adverse factors and increase the concealment of the building at the same time. For example, decorating the doors and windows of the bathroom with embossed glass not only blocks the view of the outside world, but also beautifies the environment of the bathroom. Using frosted glass as indoor partition not only saves indoor space, but also looks magnificent. The indoor aisle window decorated with transparent glass shows a faint delicate soft light, full of mystery in the haze. It can be said that modern buildings are increasingly using the transparency of glass

2. Transparency of glass

when it comes to glass, people immediately associate it with transparency. It is glass that introduces the light of nature into buildings. Looking at the modern buildings around us, the window openings are getting larger and larger, and the glass doors, floor to ceiling windows, and even the entire wall are glass, that is, the glass curtain wall. Architectural decorative glass is used more and more in architecture. It is the transparency of glass that people pursue brightness. Just like Lu, one of the pioneers of modern architecture. Colpis said, "the history of architecture is the history of hard work in the pursuit of light, and the history of transforming windows." It refers to the role of glass transparency in modern architecture

on the other hand, people's tireless pursuit of glass transparency can also be seen from the history of glass development. As mentioned above, the first glass made by people is only transparent and opaque, one of the reasons is that the surface of the glass is very rough and uneven. Later, in order to increase the transparency of the glass, people spent great efforts to grind and polish the two surfaces of the glass, but they could only get semi transparent and translucent glass, which also made people ecstatic, because it made people's buildings transparent. It not only introduced the light of nature into our buildings, but also led people's eyes from indoors to outdoors, and the window displayed in front of people restored the meaning of the real window. With the progress of industrial technology, people have invented the flat drawing method and the upward drawing method for the production of glass. The glass has become more and more pure and transparent. The modern glass production process float has reached the extreme of the transparency of glass. In a sense, the development history of glass is the history of pursuing purity and transparency of glass

the transparency of glass not only creates a bright light environment for people, but also brings people visual transparency, space extension, and the integration of inside and outside the building, so that people have a feeling of being in the room, but bathing in nature. This is irreplaceable by any other building materials

3. Translucency of glass

translucency of glass refers to the unidirectional transparency of glass, that is, glass is transparent from one direction and opaque from the other direction. It is inconceivable that people have consciously invented translucent glass. It should be said that it is the natural result of the invention of heat reflective coated glass. People invented heat reflective coated glass for building energy conservation. Because the reflectivity of its coated surface is high, generally up to%, so when viewed from the coated surface to the glass, you can only see the reflected image of the glass surface, but not the transmitted image behind the glass, because the light intensity of the transmitted image is much lower than that of the reflected image, that is, the transmitted image has been hidden in the reflected image, that is, when viewed from the coated surface to the glass, Glass is opaque. Heat reflective coated glass is generally coated on one side. The reflectivity of the uncoated surface is the same as that of ordinary glass, only about 4%. The light intensity of the reflected image of the uncoated surface is lower than that of the transmitted image behind the glass. What people see is mainly the transmitted image behind the glass, that is, the glass is transparent when viewed from the uncoated surface

the translucency of architectural glass is closely related to the heat reflection coated glass, and the most widely used heat reflection coated glass is the glass curtain wall. The translucency of glass blocks the view of people outside the building. People inside the building can look out, that is, for people inside the building, glass has the characteristics of transparency. But people outside the building can't see inside. This not only increases the concealment of the building and avoids the exposure of people and objects in the building to the public, but also covers the structure of the building, such as stairs, floors, pipelines, lines, etc., making the building beautiful

when the outdoor light intensity is lower than the indoor light intensity, for example, when the indoor light is turned on at night, the indoor scenery is clearly visible outside

4. Refractivity of glass

it is rare to apply the refractivity of glass in architecture, but we should have a good understanding of it. If glass is applied improperly, it is common for it to have a negative impact on buildings. Nowadays, the application of curved glass in architecture has been ignored. If one of the following conditions occurs, the light refraction of glass will be distorted, and the scenery will be distorted when viewed from indoors to outdoors, resulting in the loss of architectural beauty and visual discomfort. Case 1: there is a quality problem when making curved glass. The glass is not on the same curved surface, and there are concave convex areas. Although it does not affect the installation and use, or even the strength of the glass, it will cause light distortion caused by the refracted light of the glass. Case 2: curved glass is a multi curvature surface, which will also cause light distortion of the refracted light of the glass. Therefore, when applying curved glass as a window or curtain wall, it should be noted that the refraction of glass may bring adverse effects

5. Reflectance of glass

initially applied in architecture, the reflectance of glass refers to mirror glass. People found that mirror glass can not only meet the needs of people to look at the mirror in life, but also produce unexpected effects when decorating the interior with it. For example, it brings the feeling of space expansion to people's vision and makes the space bright; Cooperating with the light can make the room strange and even terrifying. Due to the high reflectivity of mirror glass, it has been unable to be used in the external decoration of buildings, but can only be used in the internal decoration of buildings, and its application occasions and applications are greatly limited

the reflectance of glass, which is widely used in buildings, began with the production of heat reflective coated glass. One of the purposes of inventing heat reflective coated glass is to save energy in buildings and to reduce the shading coefficient of glass. The second purpose of the invention of the heat reflective coated glass is to be beautiful, because the heat reflective glass has various colors, such as tawny. ELG and idasso jointly developed light materials used in Chery electric vehicles, silver white, silver gray, green, blue, gold, yellow, etc. Heat reflective glass not only has color, but also has higher reflectivity than ordinary glass, usually between 10% and 50%, so heat reflective glass can be described as translucent glass. Nowadays, heat emitting glass is widely used in buildings, such as architectural doors and windows, especially curtain walls. It can be said that the application of heat reflective glass on curtain walls is the highest realm of glass reflective application. It makes buildings colorful, and the high reflectivity reflects the street view opposite the building on the building. It can be said that there is a scene in the scene

when applying the reflectivity of glass, it should be limited to a reasonable range, and it is not allowed to blindly pursue high reflectivity. The reflectivity of some glass curtain walls is very high, which is incompatible with the surrounding buildings and street scenes. That is, the beauty of the building itself has disappeared except for its bright and dazzling. High reflectivity will not only destroy the beauty and harmony of the building, but also cause "light pollution". In recent years, domestic scholars have made a lot of discussions in this regard, and put forward many criticisms and suggestions. Some buildings with serious "light pollution" have also caused lawsuits. The solution to "light pollution" is to design glass curtain walls according to the corresponding technical regulations, limit the spread of "light pollution", and scientifically and rationally apply the reflectance of glass

6. Polychromism of glass

the earliest glass was colored,